Glossary
In this section the terms used in the filters are defined, as well as a breakdown of regions by country. If there are any terms you would like added to this page, please fill out our feedback form.
A
Distention of the abdomen. Synonyms: abdominal bloating, abdominal distension, abdominal swelling, belly bloating, bloating, distended abdomen.
The presence of one or more bullae on the skin, defined as fluid-filled blisters more than 5 mm in diameter with thin walls. Synonyms: blister, blistering, generalised, blistering, generalized, blisters, skin bullae, skin blisters.
A structural abnormality of the brain, which has as its parts the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain; including white matter changes, cerebellar atrophy, thin corpus callosum, encephalocele, Chiari malformation, edema, ataxia, agenesis of corpus callosum.
Any anomaly of the structure of the breast. Includes abnormal nipple morphology, such as inverted nipples, abnormal areolar morphology, asymmetry, hypertrophy, and more.
An abnormal deviation from normal levels of immunoglobulins in blood.
Synonyms: abnormal immunoglobulin concentration, abnormal immunoglobulin level, abnormal serum immunoglobulin concentration, abnormal serum immunoglobulin levels, abnormal serum level of immunoglobulin, immunoglobulin abnormality.
Recurrent abnormal consumption of food, liquids, or objects that could have negative consequences for the individual.
A morphological abnormality of a digit, i.e., of a finger or toe. Synonyms: abnormality of digit, abnormality of fingers or toes , digital anomalies. Includes clubbing.
An abnormality of the Dura mater. Includes calcified falx cerebri and calcified diaphragma sellae.
Any structural anomaly of the ear.
Any abnormality of eye contact behavior. We define eye contact as a form of nonverbal communication between two individuals who are facing each other in which an individual directs the eyes towards the eyes or face of the other individual. Eye contact occurs frequently and voluntarily during face-to-face verbal communication. The duration and frequency of eye contact that is interpreted to be appropriate may follow social and situational norms.
A structural anomaly of the globe of the eye, or bulbus oculi, such as ocular hypertelorism. Synonyms: abnormal eye structure, abnormality of the globe, abnormally shaped eye.
An abnormal morphology (form) of the face or its components. Synonyms: deformity of face, malformation of face, abnormal facial shape, abnormal morphology of the face, distinctive facies, dysmorphic facial features, dysmorphic facies, facial dysmorphism, unusual facial appearance, unusual facies, distortion of face, funny looking face.
An abnormality of the fingernails. Synonyms: abnormal fingernails.
An abnormality of the hair. Synonyms: abnormality of the hair, hair abnormality, abnormality of the hair shaft.
Any structural anomaly of the hand. Synonyms: abnormal shape of hand.
Any structural anomaly of the heart. Synonyms: abnormality of cardiac morphology, abnormality of the heart, abnormally shaped heart, cardiac abnormality, cardiac anomalies, cardiac anomaly, congenital heart defect, congenital heart defects, heart defect.
Any structural anomaly of the mouth, which is also known as the oral cavity. Includes high arched palate, cleft palate, cleft lip.
Functional neurological abnormalities related to dysfunction of the pyramidal tract. Synonyms: corticospinal signs, pyramidal signs, pyramidal tract signs.
Abnormal function of the respiratory system, such as aspiration. Synonyms: abnormal respiration, functional respiratory abnormality, impaired pulmonary function, respiratory problem.
A structural abnormality of the retina. Synonyms: abnormal retina, abnormality of the retina, anomaly of the retina, retina issue, retinal disease. Includes retinal degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, rod-cone dystrophy.
An abnormality of the form, structure, or size of the skeletal system. Synonyms: abnormality of skeletal morphology, abnormally shaped skeletal, bone deformations.
Any morphological abnormality of the skin. Includes pitting, epidermal cysts, Synonyms: abnormal skin morphology, abnormal skin structure, abnormality of skin morphology.
A structural abnormality of the small intestine.
An abnormality of the systemic arterial tree, which consists of the aorta and other systemic arteries. Includes arterial occlusion, arterial stenosis, and arterial inflammation.
An abnormality in the range and ease of motion of joints across their normal range.
Synonyms: abnormal limbs, abnormality of limbs, limb anomaly, dysmelia.
An abnormality of the pigmentation of the skin. Synonyms: abnormal pigmentation, abnormal skin color, abnormal skin pigmentation, abnormality of pigmentation, pigmentary changes, pigmentary skin changes, pigmentation anomaly.
Any abnormality of the teeth. Also known as: abnormal dentition, abnormal teeth, dental abnormalities, dental abnormality, dental anomalies, abnormality of the teeth, dental problem, dental problems, tooth abnormalities.
An abnormality of the genital system. Synonyms: genital abnormalities, genital abnormality, genital anomalies, genital defects, abnormality of the reproductive system.
An abnormality of the kidney. Synonyms: abnormal kidney, renal anomalies, renal anomaly.
This term describes any abnormality of the voice, i.e., of the sounds produced by humans by the passage of air through the larynx and over the vocal cords, and then modified by the resonance organs, the nasopharynx, and the mouth. Synonyms: abnormality of the voice, voice abnormality.
An anomaly in the metabolism of a vitamin.
A dermatosis characterized by thickened, hyperpigmented plaques, typically on the intertriginous surfaces and neck. Synonyms: darkened and thickened skin, keratosis nigricans.
In the resting position, the tip of the thumb is on, or near, the palm, close to the base of the fourth or fifth finger. Synonyms: adducted thumb, inward turned thumb, thumb-in-palm deformity, thumb-in-palm pattern.
Reduced fluid intake (drinking) in a clinical situation where the plasma molarity or sodium concentration normally would induce greater fluid intake.
Insufficient production of steroid hormones (primarily cortisol) by the adrenal glands. Synonym: hypoadrenalism.
An adult form of the peroxisomal disease X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), characterized by spastic paraparesia and often associated with peripheral adrenal insufficiency in males. Both males and females can be affected with AMN.
A state of excessive motor activity that is associated with mental distress or a feeling of substantial unease or inner tension. Distinguished from restlessness by the increased level of emotional distress and negative intensity of the experience. Agitation has a significant level of physical activity that is typically threatening to the self or others.
It is characterized by one or more symptoms including sneezing, itching, nasal congestion, and rhinorrhea. Synonyms: hay fever, hayfever, nasal allergies.
A reduction in erythrocytes volume or hemoglobin concentration. Synonyms: low number of red blood cells or hemoglobin, decreased hemoglobin.
A bulge or "ballooning" in the wall of an artery. If an aneurysm grows large, it can burst and cause dangerous bleeding or even death.
An inability to perceive odors. This is a general term describing inability to smell arising in any part of the process of smelling from absorption of odorants into the nasal mucous overlying the olfactory epithelium, diffusion to the cilia, binding to olfactory receptor sites, generation of action potentials in olfactory neurons, and perception of a smell. Synonyms: loss of smell, lost smell.
Intense feelings of nervousness, tenseness, or panic, often in reaction to interpersonal stresses; worry about the negative effects of past unpleasant experiences and future negative possibilities; feeling fearful, apprehensive, or threatened by uncertainty; fears of falling apart or losing control. Synonyms: Anxiety, anxiousness, excessive, persistent worry and fear, anxiety disease.
Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (between the layers of the peritoneum that lines the abdomen). Synonyms: accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, peritoneal effusion.
A slender build with long limbs, an angular profile, and prominent muscles or bones. Synonyms: asthenic habitus, slender build, thin body habitus, thin build.
Asthma is characterized by increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree to multiple stimuli, leading to narrowing of the air passages with resultant dyspnea, cough, and wheezing. Synonyms: bronchial asthma, reactive airway disease.
Uneven size of body parts,
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) manifests at age 2-3 years or by first grade at the latest. The main symptoms are distractibility, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and often trouble organizing tasks and projects, difficulty going to sleep, and social problems from being aggressive, loud, or impatient. Synonyms: ADHD, attention deficit, attention deficit disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, attention deficits, childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Atypically scarred skin.
A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. Autism begins in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual (DSM-IV).
Persistent deficits in social interaction and communication and interaction as well as a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest as well as repetitive patterns of behavior. Synonyms: ASD, pervasive developmental disorder, autism spectrum disorder , autism spectrum disorders , autistic behaviors.
Inflammation of the brain secondary to an immune response triggered by the body itself.
An abnormality of the autonomic nervous system.
Each affected person usually has an affected parent; occurs in every generation
Both parents of an affected person are carriers; not typically seen in every generation
A disease where there is cellular death (necrosis) of bone components due to interruption of the blood supply. Synonyms: aseptic bone necrosis, aseptic necrosis, bone infarction, death of bone due to decreased blood supply, ischemic bone necrosis, osteochondronecrosis, osteonecrosis.
B
A type of white blood cell that makes antibodies
A tendency to fall or the inability to keep oneself from falling; imbalance. The retropulsion test is widely regarded as the gold standard to evaluate postural instability, Use of the retropulsion test includes a rapid balance perturbation in the backward direction, and the number of balance correcting steps (or total absence thereof) is used to rate the degree of postural instability. Healthy subjects correct such perturbations with either one or two large steps, or without taking any steps, hinging rapidly at the hips while swinging the arms forward as a counterweight. In patients with balance impairment, balance correcting steps are often too small, forcing patients to take more than two steps. Taking three or more steps is generally considered to be abnormal, and taking more than five steps is regarded as being clearly abnormal. Markedly affected patients continue to step backward without ever regaining their balance and must be caught by the examiner (this would be called true retropulsion). Even more severely affected patients fail to correct entirely, and fall backward like a pushed toy soldier, without taking any corrective steps. Includes imbalance, poor coordination, clumsiness, dizziness, and vertigo, Synonyms: balance impairment, abnormal retropulsion test, imbalance, postural instability.
The presence of a basal cell carcinoma of the skin. Synonyms: basal cell carcinomas, basal cell epithelioma, basal cell nevus, basalioma.
An abnormality of mental functioning including various affective, behavioral, cognitive, and perceptual abnormalities; includes irritability and self aggression, mood lability. Synonyms: atypical behavior, behavioral abnormality, behavioral changes, behavioral disorders, behavioral disturbances, behavioral problems, behavioral symptoms, behavioral/psychiatric abnormalities, psychiatric disorders, psychiatric disturbances.
A type of cell that is found in the pancreatic islets of the pancreas and secretes insulin.
An abnormality of the hematopoietic system; includes lymphopenia, leukopenia, PRCA. Synonyms: abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues, abnormality of the hematopoietic system, hematological abnormality, hematologic disease.
Passage of many stools containing blood. Synonyms: blood in stool, bloody bowel movement, bloody diarrhea.
A partial or complete breakage of the continuity of a bone; includes pathological fracture.
A reduced number of hematopoietic cells present in the bone marrow relative to marrow fat. Synonyms: bone marrow hypoplasia, hypoplastic bone marrow, myeloid hypoplasia.
A reduced number of hematopoietic cells present in the bone marrow relative to marrow fat. Synonyms: bone marrow hypoplasia, hypoplastic bone marrow, myeloid hypoplasia.
An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to bone.
Involuntary fecal soiling in adults and children who have usually already been toilet trained. Synonyms: anal incontinence, fecal incontinence, loss of bowel control.
An anomaly of metabolism or structure of the brain identified by imaging. Synonyms: abnormal brain imaging.
The physical or emotional consequences from the experience of dyspnea. The physical presentation of respiratory distress is generally referred to as labored breathing, while the sensation of respiratory distress is called shortness of breath or dyspnea. includes wheezing, cough, gagging, choking, shortness of breath, apnea, and tachypnea. Synonyms: respiratory distress, labored breathing.
Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi owing to localized and irreversible destruction and widening of the large airways. Synonyms: permanent enlargement of the airways of the lungs.
An ecchymosis (bruise) refers to the skin discoloration caused by the escape of blood into the tissues from ruptured blood vessels. This term refers to an abnormally increased susceptibility to bruising. The corresponding phenotypic abnormality is generally elicited on medical history as a report of frequent ecchymoses or bruising without adequate trauma. Synonyms: bruisability, bruise easily, easy bruisability, easy bruising.
C
An organ or organ-system abnormality that consists of uncontrolled autonomous cell-proliferation which can occur in any part of the body as a benign or malignant neoplasm (tumor). Synonyms: abnormal tissue mass, neoplasm, neoplasia, oncological abnormality.
A malignant neoplasm of the adrenal cortex that may produce hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, or testosterone. Synonyms: adrenal carcinoma, adrenal gland carcinoma.
A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from or metastasizes to the brain. Synonyms: brain neoplasm.
The presence of a carcinoma of the breast. Synonyms: breast carcinoma.
A cancer of the blood and bone marrow characterized by an abnormal proliferation of leukocytes. Synonyms: blood cancer.
A cancer originating in lymphocytes and presenting as a solid tumor of lymhpoid cells. Synonyms: cancer of lymphatic system.
Cells that grow in the absence of signals telling them to grow due to a genetic mutation or environmental factors
A capillary malformation is a flat, sharply defined vascular stain of the skin. It may cover a large surface area or it may be scattered and appear as little islands of color. In a capillary malformation, the predominant vessels are small, slow-flow vessels (i.e., arterioles and postcapillary venules).
Any structural anomaly of the heart. Includes prolonged QTc in CTD, arrhythmia, rapid heart rate, cardiac conduction defects; congenital heart defects; arrhythmias. Synonyms: abnormal heart morphology, abnormality of cardiac morphology, abnormality of the heart, bbnormally shaped heart, cardiac abnormality, cardiac anomalies, cardiac anomaly, congenital heart defect, congenital heart defects, heart defect.
A fibroma of the heart.
Caries is a multifactorial bacterial infection affecting the structure of the tooth. This term has been used to describe the presence of more than expected dental caries. Synonyms: caries, cariosity of teeth, dental caries, dental cavities, early dental caries, frequent caries, tooth cavities, tooth decay, dental decay, rotting teeth.
A rare neurologic disease with psychiatric involvement characterized by a cluster of signs and symptoms of catatonia that is not associated with any underlying psychiatric or organic disorder or intoxication.
Cells that originate as embryonic stem cells from the inner cell mass of blastocysts during early embryonic development
A cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event. Synonyms: atrophic cerebellum, degeneration of cerebellum, infratentorial atrophy.
Cerebellar hypoplasia is a descriptive term implying a cerebellum with a reduced volume, but a normal shape and is stable over time. Synonyms: congenital cerebellar hypoplasia, hypoplasia of cerebellum, hypoplastic cerebellum, small cerebellum, underdeveloped cerebellum.
A peroxisomal disease characterized by severe inflammatory demyelination in the brain, and often associated with adrenal insufficiency.
Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum. Synonyms: degeneration of cerebrum, supratentorial atrophy.
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain. Synonyms: brain swelling, brain edema, swelling of brain.
Cerebral palsy describes a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to nonprogressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders of cerebral palsy are often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication, and behavior, by epilepsy, and by secondary musculoskeletal problems. Synonyms: CP, cerebral paralysis.
Truncal obesity with onset during childhood, defined as between 2 and 10 years of age. Synonyms: truncal obesity apparent in childhood.
Inflammation of the biliary ductal system, affecting the intrahepatic or extrahepatic portions, or both. Synonyms: Bile duct inflammation.
Also known as chronic liver failure.
Talipes equinovarus (also called clubfoot) typically has four main components: inversion and adduction of the forefoot; inversion of the heel and hindfoot; equinus (limitation of extension) of the ankle and subtalar joint; and internal rotation of the leg. Synonyms: club feet, club foot, clubbing of feet, clubfeet, clubfoot, equinovarus foot, talipes equinovarus, pes equinovarus, pes equinus, fetal foot inversion.
Loss of previously present mental abilities, generally in adults. Synonyms: cognitive decline, cognitive decline, progressive, intellectual deterioration, mental deterioration, progressive cognitive decline.
Abnormal cognition with deficits in thinking, reasoning, or remembering. Synonyms: abnormality of cognition, cognitive abnormality, cognitive defects, cognitive deficits, intellectual impairment.
Colitis refers to an inflammation of the colon and is often used to describe an inflammation of the large intestine (colon, cecum and rectum). Colitides may be acute and self-limited or chronic, and broadly fit into the category of digestive diseases.
Complete absence of wakefulness and content of conscience, which manifests itself as a lack of response to any kind of external stimuli. Synonyms: coma, persistent vegetative state, stupor, unconsciousness, trance.
The presence of an abnormality of cardiac function that is responsible for the failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate that is commensurate with the needs of the tissues or a state in which abnormally elevated filling pressures are required for the heart to do so. Heart failure is frequently related to a defect in myocardial contraction. Synonyms: CHF, cardiac failure, cardiac failures, cardiac insufficiency, chronic heart failure, heart failure.
Inflammation of the conjunctiva. Also known as pink eye.
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces. Synonyms: costiveness, dyschezia.
Crackles are discontinuous, explosive, and nonmusical adventitious lung sounds normally heard in inspiration and sometimes during expiration. Crackles are usually classified as fine and coarse crackles based on their duration, loudness, pitch, timing in the respiratory cycle, and relationship to coughing and changing body position. Synonyms: crepitations, rales.
Sudden and involuntary contractions of one or more muscles. Synonyms: muscle cramps, muscle spasms, nocturnal hand and foot cramps, nocturnal leg cramp, sleep-related dystonia.
Excessive growth of the bones of cranium, i.e., of the skull. Synonyms: enlargement of skull bones, excessive growth of skull bones, hypertrophy of cranial bones, overgrowth of skull bones, thick skull bones, hyperostosis of cranial bones, hyperostosis of cranial vault, increased ossification of cranial bones.
Cranial nerve paralysis; a functional abnormality affecting one or more of the cranial nerves, which emerge directly from the brain stem. Includes oculomotor nerve palsy. Synonyms: cranial nerve palsies, cranial nerve paresis.
An abnormality of one or more of the set of bones that make up the facial skeleton. Synonyms: abnormal facial skeleton morphology, abnormality of facial skeleton, anomaly of facial skeleton, abnormality of facial bones, anomaly of facial bones, deformity of facial skeleton, deformity of the facial bones, malformation of facial bones, malformation of facial skeleton.
Craniosynostosis refers to the premature closure of the cranial sutures. Primary craniosynostosis refers to the closure of one or more sutures due to abnormalities in skull development, and secondary craniosynostosis results from failure of brain growth. Synonyms: deformity of the skull, cranial suture synostosis, early fusion of cranial sutures, premature closure of cranial sutures, premature suture closure, craniostenosis.
Testis in inguinal canal. That is, absence of one or both testes from the scrotum owing to failure of the testis or testes to descend through the inguinal canal to the scrotum. Synonyms: cryptorchism, undescended testes, undescended testis.
A spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak (SCSFL) is a spontaneous and unexplained leak of the cerebrospinal fluid from the dura surrounding either the brain (cranial leak) or spine (spinal leak).
An increased sensitivity of the skin to light. Photosensitivity may result in a rash upon exposure to the sun (which is known as photodermatosis). Photosensitivity can be diagnosed by phototests in which light is shone on small areas of skin. Synonyms: photosensitive skin, photosensitive skin rashes, photosensitivity, sensitivity to sunlight, skin photosensitivity, sun sensitivity.
Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosa due to poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of arterial or capillary blood. Synonyms: blue discoloration of the skin.
D
An abnormal dark color of the urine.
A variant that has arisen in an individual for the first time and is not inherited from a parent.
A reduced desire to eat. Synonyms: loss of appetite, poor appetite, no appetite.
Reduced ability of the liver to perform its functions. Synonyms: liver dysfunction, hepatopathy, liver dysfunction, mild.
A failure to achieve the ability to walk at an appropriate developmental stage. Most children learn to walk in a series of stages, and learn to walk short distances independently between 12 and 15 months. Synonyms: delayed walking.
A loss of global cognitive ability of sufficient amount to interfere with normal social or occupational function. Dementia represents a loss of previously present cognitive abilities, generally in adults, and can affect memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior. Synonyms: dementia, progressive, progressive dementia.
Frequent feelings of being down, miserable, and/or hopeless; difficulty recovering from such moods; pessimism about the future; pervasive shame; feeling of inferior self-worth; thoughts of suicide and suicidal behavior. Synonyms: depressive episode, depressivity, depressive disorder.
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age. Synonyms: delayed cognitive development, delayed development, delayed developmental milestones, delayed intellectual development, delayed milestones, delayed psychomotor development, developmental delay in early childhood, developmental delay, global, developmental retardation, GDD, lack of psychomotor development, motor and developmental delay, motormental retardation, psychomotor delay, psychomotor development deficiency, psychomotor development failure, psychomotor developmental delay, retarded development, retarded mental development, retarded psychomotor development, cognitive delay, mental and motor retardation.
Loss of developmental skills, as manifested by loss of developmental milestones. Synonyms: loss of acquired milestones, loss of developmental milestones, loss of milestones, mental deterioration in childhood, neurodevelopmental regression, psychomotor regression, psychomotor regression beginning in infancy, psychomotor regression in infants, psychomotor regression, progressive.
Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high.
A biomarker that detects or confirms the presence of a disease or condition of interest, or identifies an individual with a subtype of the disease
Abnormally increased frequency (usually defined as three or more) loose or watery bowel movements a day. Synonyms: watery stool.
Restriction of arterial blood supply to a digit (finger or toe) associated with insufficient oxygenation to support the metabolic requirements of the digit. Clinical manifestations may include pain, pallor, lack of pulse, coldness, paresthesia, and paralysis.
An open sore on the surface of the skin of a finger or toe.
Absence of fine and sharp appearance of brows, nose, lips, mouth, and chin, usually because of rounded and heavy features or thickened skin with or without thickening of subcutaneous and bony tissues. Synonyms: coarse face, coarse facial appearance, coarse facial features , coarse facies, rounded and heavy facial features, thickened facial skin with coarse facial features.
Habitual flow of saliva out of the mouth. Synonyms: dribbling, drooling, sialorrhea. Synonyms: dribbling, sialorrhea.
Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed. Synonyms: difficulty articulating speech, dysarthric speech.
A movement disorder which consists of effects including diminished voluntary movements and the presence of involuntary movements. Synonyms: disorder of involuntary muscle movements, dyskinesis, dyskinesias.
Any deviation from the normal concentration of a lipid in the blood circulation. Synonyms: dyslipidaemia, abnormal circulating lipid concentration.
Difficulty in swallowing. Synonyms: difficulty swallowing, poor swallowing, swallowing difficulties, swallowing difficulty, deglutition disorder.
An abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. There is a slow, intermittent twisting motion that leads to exaggerated turning and posture of the extremities and trunk. Synonyms: dystonic movements, dystonic disease.
Painful or difficult urination; dull burning sensation with urination.
E
An abnormal accumulation of fluid beneath the skin, or in one or more cavities of the body. Synonyms: soft tissue swelling, dropsy, fluid retention, hydrops, water retention.
Abnormality observed by electroencephalogram (EEG), which is used to record of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. Synonyms: abnormal EEG, abnormal electroencephalogram, EEG abnormalities, electroencephalogram abnormal, electroencephalogram abnormalities.
An abnormal elevation of the C-reactive protein level in the blood circulation. Synonyms: elevated C-reactive protein concentration, elevated C-reactive protein level, elevated C-reactive protein level in blood, elevated circulating C-reactive protein concentration, increased C-reactive protein concentration, increased C-reactive protein level, increased C-reactive protein level in blood.
Encephalopathy is a term that means brain disease, damage, or malfunction. In general, encephalopathy is manifested by an altered mental state.
Abnormally increased size of the liver.
An inflammation of the colon and small intestine. However, most conditions are either categorized as Enteritis (inflammation of the small intestine) or Colitis (inflammation of the large intestine).
Pain that is localized to the region of the upper abdomen immediately below the ribs. Synonyms: epigastrium pain.
A condition in which epileptiform abnormalities are believed to contribute to the progressive disturbance in cerebral function. Epileptic encephalopathy is characterized by (1) electrographic EEG paroxysmal activity that is often aggressive, (2) seizures that are usually multiform and intractable, (3) cognitive, behavioral and neurological deficits that may be relentless, and (4) sometimes early death. Synonyms: convulsive encephalopathy.
A pathological narrowing of the esophagus that is caused by the development of a ring of scar tissue that constricts the esophageal lumen.; includes abnormal narrowing preventing proper flow or passage.
The presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles. Synonyms: increased deep tendon reflexes, increased reflexes.
An exaggerated startle reaction in response to a sudden unexpected visual or acoustic stimulus, or a quick movement near the face. Synonyms: exaggerated acoustic startle response increased startle response, hyperekplexia.
Any deviation from the normal quantity of secretion of nasal mucus, a thick viscous liquid produced by the mucous membranes of the nose.
A neurological anomaly with gross overeating associated with an abnormally strong desire or need to eat. Synonyms: polyphagia, voracious appetite, increased appetite.
Excessive production of saliva. Synonyms: Excessive salivation, hypersalivation, mouth watering, oversalivation, ptyalism, watery mouth.
A functional motor deficit where individuals whose responses to the challenges of exercise fail to achieve levels considered normal for their age and gender. Synonyms: decreased ability to exercise, inability to exercise, low exercise endurance; poor exercise tolerance.
F
One-sided weakness of the muscles of facial expression and eye closure. Synonyms: facial droop, paralysis of one side of the face, unilateral facial muscle paralysis, unilateral facial muscle weakness, unilateral facial paralysis, unilateral facial weakness, weakness of one side of the face.
Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm. Synonyms: undergrowth, FTT, faltering weight, postnatal failure to thrive, weight faltering, poor weight gain.
A transient loss of consciousness (i.e., characterized by a rapid onset, a short duration, and a spontaneous and complete recovery) due to cerebral hypoperfusion. Synonyms: fainting spell.
A subjective feeling of tiredness characterized by a lack of energy and motivation. Synonyms: tired, tiredness.
Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it. Synonyms: decreased oral intake, feeding difficulties, feeding problems, poor feeding.
A condition caused by the excessive secretion of androgen from the adrenal cortex; or the ovaries.
Body temperature elevated above the normal range. Synonyms: hyperthermia, pyrexia.
A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
An abnormality of the development of the fingernails. Synonyms: abnormal fingernail development, dysplastic fingernails.
An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) and perceived to originate in the flank. Synonyms: kidney pain.
Weakness of the muscles responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot, that is, of the movement of the toes towards the shin. The foot dorsiflexors include the tibialis anterior, the extensor hallucis longus, the extensor digitorum longus, and the peroneus tertius muscles. Synonyms: foot drop, foot extensor weakness, footdrop, inability to heel walk, inability to walk on heels.
Skin that splits easily with minimal injury. Synonyms: skin fragility.
Includes difficulty climbing and/or descending stairs, difficulty running, difficulty standing, easy fatigability, and frequent falls. Synonyms: functional motor problems.
G
The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk. Synonyms: abnormal gait, abnormal walk, difficulty in walking, gait difficulties, gait disturbances, impaired gait, walking disability.
Hard, pebble-like deposits that form within the gallbladder.
A condition in which the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter. Synonyms: acid reflux, acid reflux disease, GERD, gastro-esophageal reflux, gastroesophageal reflux disease, heartburn.
Includes ulcers, hemorrhages, bowel perforation or infarction, intestinal necrosis, mesenteric ischemia.
Abnormal intestinal contractions, such as spasms and intestinal paralysis, related to the loss of the ability of the gut to coordinate muscular activity because of endogenous or exogenous causes. Synonyms: GI dysmotility.
Hyperplasia of the gingiva (that is, a thickening of the soft tissue overlying the alveolar ridge. The degree of thickening ranges from involvement of the interdental papillae alone to gingival overgrowth covering the entire tooth crown. Synonyms: gingival enlargement, gingival hyperplasia, gum enlargement, gum hypertrophy, hypertrophic gingivitis, oral soft tissue hyperplasia.
A deficiency or slowing down of growth pre- and postnatally. Includes short stature. Synonyms: delayed growth, growth deficiency, growth delay, growth failure, growth retardation, poor growth, retarded growth, very poor growth.
Abnormal development of large mammary glands in males resulting in breast enlargement. Synonyms: enlarged male breast.
H
Perceptions in a conscious and awake state that, in the absence of external stimuli, have qualities of real perception. These perceptions are vivid, substantial, and located in external objective space. Synonyms: hallucination, sensory hallucination.
Reduced strength of the musculature of the hand.
Cephalgia, or pain sensed in various parts of the head, not confined to the area of distribution of any nerve. Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by episodic attacks of headache and associated symptoms.
A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound. Synonyms: deafness, hearing defect , hearing impairment, hearing loss, hypoacusis.
The presence of blood in the urine. Hematuria may be gross hematuria (visible to the naked eye) or microscopic hematuria (detected by dipstick or microscopic examination of the urine). Synonyms: high urine occult blood, blood in urine.
Bleeding is the loss of blood. It can be external, or outside the body, like when you get a cut or wound. It can also be internal, or inside the body, like when you have an injury to an internal organ.
The presence of excessive fibrous connective tissue in the liver. Fibrosis is a reparative or reactive process. Synonyms: liver fibrosis.
Simultaneous enlargement of the liver and spleen. Synonyms: enlarged liver and spleen.
A hernia happens when part of an internal organ or tissue bulges through a weak area of muscle.
The presence of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Synonyms: abnormal formation of the hip, congenital hip dysplasia, DDH, developmental dysplasia of the hip.
Hoarseness refers to a change in the pitch or quality of the voice, with the voice sounding weak, very breathy, scratchy, or husky. Synonyms: hoarseness, husky voice.
Hydrocephalus is an active distension of the ventricular system of the brain resulting from inadequate passage of CSF from its point of production within the cerebral ventricles to its point of absorption into the systemic circulation.
Synonyms: hydrocephaly, nonsyndromal hydrocephalus, too much cerebrospinal fluid in the brain.
Hydrometrocolpos is an accumulation of uterine and vaginal secretions as well as menstrual blood in the uterus and vagina.
Hyperactivity is a state of constantly being unusually or abnormally active, including in situations in which it is not appropriate. Synonyms: hyperactive behavior, hyperkinetic disorder, more active than typical.
An increased concentration of ammonia in the blood. Synonyms: high blood ammonia levels.
An increase in amplitude of waves returned in ultrasonography of the kidney, which is generally displayed as increased brightness of the signal. Synonyms: echogenic kidneys, Increased echogenicity of the renal parenchyma.
Abnormal excessive perspiration (sweating) despite the lack of appropriate stimuli like hot and humid weather. Synonyms: diaphoresis, excessive sweating, increased sweating, profuse sweating, sweating, sweating profusely, sweating, increased.
An abnormal buildup of lactic acid in the body, leading to acidification of the blood and other bodily fluids. Synonyms: increased lactate in body, lactic acidemia, lacticacidemia, lacticacidosis.
Lack of stability of a joint. Synonyms: double-Jointed, extensible joints, flexible joints, hyperextensible joints, increased joint mobility, increased mobility of joints, joint hyperextensibility, joint hyperflexibility, joint hyperlaxity, joints move beyond expected range of motion, lax joints, loose-jointedness, joint instability, joint ligamentous laxity, ligamentous laxity.
The presence of chronic increased pressure in the systemic arterial system. Synonyms: arterial hypertension, systemic hypertension, high blood pressure.
A condition in which there is increased muscle tone so that arms or legs, for example, are stiff and difficult to move. Synonyms: hypertonicity, increased muscle tone, spasticity and rigidity of muscles, muscle hypertonia.
Hypertrichosis is increased hair growth that is abnormal in quantity or location. Synonyms: excessive hair growth, increased hair growth on body.
The concentration of albumin in the blood circulation is below the lower limit of normal. Synonyms: low albumin, decreased albumin concentration, decreased albumin level, decreased albumin level in blood, decreased circulating albumin concentration, hypoalbuminemia, low blood albumin, reduced albumin concentration, reduced albumin level, reduced albumin level in blood.
The absence of five or less teeth from the normal series by a failure to develop. Synonyms: failure of development of between one and six teeth, missing between one and six teeth.
A decreased concentration of glucose in the blood. Synonyms: low blood sugar.
A decreased functionality of the gonad. Synonyms: decreased activity of gonads.
Abnormally diminished capacity to sweat. Synonyms: decreased ability to sweat, decreased sweating, inadequate sweating, oligohidrosis, sweating, decreased.
Reduction of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction. Synonyms: decreased reflex response, decreased reflexes.
Low Blood Pressure, vascular hypotension. Synonyms: arterial hypotension.
Deficiency of thyroid hormone. Synonyms: low T4, underactive thyroid.
Abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist. Synonyms: low muscle tone, low or weak muscle tone, muscle hypotonia, muscular hypotonia, central hypotonia, peripheral hypotonia.
An abnormally low level of blood oxygen. Also known as hypoxia, low blood oxygen level.
I
An abnormality of the skin characterized the presence of excessive amounts of dry surface scales on the skin resulting from an abnormality of keratinization. Synonyms: ichthyosiform abnormality of the skin, ichthyotic skin, hypertrophic ichthyosis.
Failure of the immune system to protect the body adequately from infection, due to the absence or insufficiency of some component process or substance. includes humoral immunodeficiency, ALPS. Synonyms: decreased immune function, immune deficiency.
Difficulty in performing one or more activities normally performed every day, such as eating, bathing, dressing, grooming, work, homemaking, and leisure.
Acting on the spur of the moment or on a momentary basis without consideration of outcomes; having difficulty establishing or following plans; experiencing a sense of urgency and engaging in behavior that is uninhibited, cannot be inhibited, and is uncontrolled. The possibility of repression is inconceivable. Synonyms: impulsive, impulsivity.
Uncontrolled episodes of crying occur without any apparent motivating stimuli. Synonyms: cry frequently for no reason, cry frequently without apparent cause, cry frequently without cause, cry frequently without reason, frequently cries for no reason, frequently cries without apparent cause, frequently cries without cause, frequently cries without reason.
An elevation of the blood concentration of an androgen, that is, of a steroid hormone that controls development and maintenance of masculine characteristics. The androgens include testosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone. Synonyms: hyperandrogenemia, increased circulating androgen level.
The presence of abnormally increased levels of prolactin in the blood. Prolactin is a peptide hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that plays a role in breast development and lactation during pregnancy. Synonyms: hyperprolactinaemia, hyperprolactinemia, prolactin excess.
Inflammation or infection of the middle ear. Synonyms: middle ear infection.
Disorder affecting the lungs causing difficulty breathing; including infections like influenza, pneumonia and tuberculosis, and many other breathing problems.
Nonspecific bacterial and viral infections.
Includes tissue inflammation throughout the body, including myocarditis, pleuritis.
The presence of inflammation of the skin. That is, an abnormality of the skin resulting from the local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes. Includes dermatitis, eczema, rashes. Synonyms: abnormal tendency to infections of the skin, inflammatory abnormality of the skin, skin inflammation, dermatitis, inflammatory skin disease.
Inflammation, or an inflammatory state in the large intestine.
Increased resistance towards insulin, that is, diminished effectiveness of insulin in reducing blood glucose levels. Synonyms: body fails to respond to insulin.
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age. Synonyms: delayed cognitive development, delayed development, delayed developmental milestones, delayed intellectual development, delayed milestones, delayed psychomotor development, developmental delay, developmental delay in early childhood, developmental delay, global, developmental retardation, GDD, lack of psychomotor development, motor and developmental delay, motormental retardation, psychomotor delay, psychomotor development deficiency, psychomotor development failure, psychomotor developmental delay, retarded development, retarded mental development , retarded psychomotor development, cognitive delay, mental and motor retardation.
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, has been defined as an IQ score below 70. Synonyms: mental deficiency, mental retardation, mental retardation, nonspecific, nonprogressive intellectual disability, nonprogressive mental retardation, dull intelligence, low intelligence, poor school performance.
An abnormality of the intestinal rotation and fixation that normally occurs during the development of the gut. This can lead to volvulus, or twisting of the intestine that causes obstruction and necrosis. Synonyms: malrotation, gut malrotation.
Sclerosis of the intrahepatic portal veins of the liver and generally accompanied by non-cirrhotic portal hypertension, features of which may include splenomegaly and varices. Also known as: idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension, incomplete septal cirrhosis , non cirrhotic portal fibrosis, obliterative portal venopathy.
iPSC derived cell line is a cell line that derives from iPS cells (induced pluripotent stem cell).
J
Yellow pigmentation of the skin due to bilirubin, which in turn is the result of increased bilirubin concentration in the bloodstream. Synonyms: icterus, yellow skin, yellowing of the skin.
A limitation in the passive range of motion of the elbow resulting from loss of elasticity in the periarticular tissues owing to structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules or skin. A contracture prevents movement of the associated body part.
Synonyms: joint pain, arthritic pain.
K
A nonspecific term referring to disease or damage of the kidneys; includes chronic kidney insufficiency, renal artery stenosis, renal infarction, and renal amyloidosis. Synonyms: kidney damage.
L
Language impairment is a deficit in comprehension or production of language that includes reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, or impairments in written or spoken communication. Language abilities are substantially and quantifiably below age expectations. Synonyms: language disorder.
Laryngomalacia is a congenital abnormality of the laryngeal cartilage in which the cartilage is floppy and prolapses over the larynx during inspiration. Synonyms: softening of voice box tissue.
EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid B-cell lines
A hip region disease that is characterized by uni- or bilateral avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head in children. In a small percentage of cases, mutations in the COL2A1 gene were found to be responsible. Synonyms: LCPD, Legg-Calve-Perthes syndrome, Legg-Perthes disease, osteochondrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis, Perthe's disease, Perthes disease, aseptic necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis, osteochondritis deformans,
osteochondritis of the capital femoral epiphysis.
Leukodystrophy refers to deterioration of white matter of the brain resulting from degeneration of myelin sheaths in the CNS. Their basic defect is directly related to the synthesis and maintenance of myelin membranes. Symmetric white matter involvement at MRI is a typical finding in patients with leukodystrophies. Synonyms: degeneration of white matter of brain.
Benign neoplasia derived from lipoblasts or lipocytes of white or brown fat. May be angiomatous or hibernomatous. Synonyms: fatty lump, noncancerous fatty lump.
bluish purple, mottled or netlike pattern in unbroken circles on the skin. Exposure to cold environments usually intensifies the vascular pattern. Presumably, the condition results from slow or stagnant blood flow, vessel-wall pathology, and decreased oxygen tension.
An abnormality of the liver; includes cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatopulmonary syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Synonyms: abnormal liver; liver abnormality.
Weakness of the muscles of the legs. Synonyms: leg weakness, lower extremity weakness, lower limb muscle weakness, lower limb weakness, muscle weakness in lower limbs.
Collapse of part of a lung associated with absence of inflation (air) of that part. Synonyms: pulmonary atelectasis.
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. Synonyms: SLE.
A lymphatic malformation is a clump of abnormal lymph vessels that form a growing, disorganized, spongy cluster of cysts. Lymphatic malformations appear as masses (unusual growths), but they are benign (not cancerous); includes blister-like vesicles.
An immature lymphocyte that has enlarged in response to antigenic stimulation.
M
Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium. Synonyms: big calvaria, big cranium, big head, big skull, increased size of head, large calvaria, large cranium, large skull, increased size of cranium, increased size of skull, large head, large head circumference, macrocephalus, macrocrania, megacephaly.
Significant increase in the length and girth of most or all of a digit compared to its contralateral digit (if unaffected) or compared to what would be expected for age/body build. The increased girth is accompanied by an increase in the dorso-ventral dimension AND the lateral dimension of the digit. Synonyms: finger overgrowth, megalodactyly.
A feeling of general discomfort, weakness, or lack of health.
Decreased functionality of the male gonad, i.e., of the testis, with reduced spermatogenesis or testosterone synthesis.
A deficiency in the intake of energy and nutrients.
An organ or organ-system abnormality that consists of uncontrolled autonomous cell-proliferation which can occur in any part of the body as a benign or malignant neoplasm (tumor). Synonyms: abnormal tissue mass, neoplasia, oncological abnormality, tumor, cancer.
A clinically defined disease states with a largely unknown morphological background. Acute mast cell activation (MCA) is commonly seen in allergic reactions and often leads to the clinical signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis. Severe or even life‐threatening MCA may occur when the burden of mast cells is high and/or these cells are in an hyperactivated state. Mastocytosis may be associated with mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS).
The presence of a meningioma, i.e., a benign tumor originating from the dura mater or arachnoid mater. Synonyms: noncancerous growth of membranes covering brain.
Prolonged and excessive menses at regular intervals in excess of 80 mL or lasting longer than 7 days. Synonyms: abnormally heavy bleeding during menstruation, abnormally heavy periods, hypermenorrhea.
A closed fluid filled sac originating from the mesentary.
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender. Synonyms: abnormally small head, decreased size of head, small head, small skull, abnormally small cranium, abnormally small skull, decreased circumference of cranium, decreased size of cranium, decreased size of skull, reduced head circumference, small head circumference, small cranium, small calvarium.
A pregnancy that ends at a stage in which the fetus is incapable of surviving on its own, defined as the spontaneous loss of a fetus before the 22th week of pregnancy. Also known as early fetal demise and spontaneous abortion.
Can affect both males and females, but only passed on by females because all mitochondria of all children come from the mother; can appear in every generation
A biomarker that can be measured serially to assess the status of a disease or medical condition for evidence of exposure to a medical product or environmental agent, or to detect an effect of a medical product or biological agent
A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills. Synonyms: delay in development of motor milestones, delay in motor development, delayed development of motor milestones, delayed early motor milestones, delayed motor development, delayed motor milestones, locomotor delay, motor developmental delay, motor developmental milestones not achieved, motor retardation, retarded motor development, slow development of motor milestones, no development of motor milestones.
Loss of previously achieved motor skills, as manifested by loss of developmental motor milestones. Synonyms: regression of motor skills.
An abnormality of movement with a neurological basis characterized by changes in coordination and speed of voluntary movements; includes body, head-eye movement disorders, chorea, myoclonus, dystonia, and spasticity, motor planning disorder. Synonyms: abnormality of movement, movement disorder, unusual movement.
The wasting (thinning) or loss of muscle tissue.
A condition in which muscles cannot be moved quickly without accompanying pain or spasm.
Reduced strength of muscles.
Pain in a muscle or group of muscles.
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia (ineffective production) in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages, leading to anemia and cytopenia. Also known as: myelodysplastic syndrome, hypoplastic myelodysplasia.
Replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue.
An embryonic cell that becomes a cell of muscle fiber.
A disorder of muscle unrelated to impairment of innervation or neuromuscular junction. Synonyms: muscle tissue disease, myopathic changes.
A general term for inflammation of the muscles without respect to the underlying cause.
A transversely striated, synctial muscle cell, formed by the fusion of myoblasts.
N
The presence of developmental dysplasia of the nail. Also known as: atypical nail growth, dysplastic nails, onychodysplasia.
Reduced ability to pass air through the nasal cavity often leading to mouth breathing. Synonyms: blockage of nose, nasal blockage, nasal obstruction, obstruction of nose, stuffy nose, congestion of nose.
A deviation from normal of the neurological development of a child, which may include any or all of the aspects of the development of personal, social, gross or fine motor, and cognitive abilities.
A type of bladder dysfunction caused by neurologic damage. Neurogenic bladder can be flaccid or spastic. Common manifestations of neurogenic bladder are overflow incontinence, frequency, urgency, urge incontinence, and retention.
Activation of the brain's innate immune system in response to an inflammatory challenge and is characterized by a host of cellular and molecular changes within the brain. Includes myelitis, neuritis, non-infectious meningitis, and encephalitis.
Neuropathic pain is triggered by lesions to the somatosensory nervous system that alter its structure and function so that pain occurs spontaneously and responses to noxious and innocuous stimuli are pathologically amplified.
Also known as paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity.
An abnormally low number of neutrophils in the peripheral blood. Synonyms: low blood neutrophil count, low neutrophil count, peripheral neutropenia.
Occurrence of excessive sweating during sleep. Synonyms: nocturnal hyperhidrosis.
A form of hydrocephalus characterized by enlarged cerebral ventricles and normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure upon lumbar puncture.
Epistaxis, or nosebleed, refers to a hemorrhage localized in the nose. Synonyms: bloody nose, frequent nosebleeds, nasal hemorrhage, nose bleeding, nosebleed.
Neural progenitor cells
Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.
O
Accumulation of substantial excess body fat.
Behavior that consists of repetitive acts that are characterized by the feeling that one 'has to' perform them while one is aware that these acts are not in line with one's overall goal. Synonyms: obsessive compulsive behavior, compulsive behaviors.
Greater than normal amounts of fat in the feces. This is a result of malabsorption of lipids in the small intestine and results in frothy foul-smelling fecal matter that floats. Synonyms: fat in feces, fatty stool, greasy stools.
A thickened white patch on the oral mucosa that cannot be rubbed off. Also known as: oral idiopathic keratosis, oral idiopathic leukoplakia, oral idiopathic white patch, oral leucoplakia, oral leukokeratosis, oral leukoplasia, oral white patch, oral white plaque, leukokeratosis.
Erosion of the mucous membrane of the mouth with local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue; includes uvulitis, ulcerations of oral mucosa such as Aphthous ulcers, gum issues. Synonyms: mouth sore, mouth ulcer, oral mucosal ulceration.
An organ dysfunction to such a degree that normal homeostasis cannot be maintained without external clinical intervention.
An artificially grown mass of cells or tissue that resembles an organ
A form of hypotension characterized by a sudden fall in blood pressure that occurs when a person assumes a standing position. Synonyms: decrease in blood pressure upon standing up , postural hypotension.
Osteopenia is a term to define bone density that is not normal but also not as low as osteoporosis. By definition from the World Health Organization osteopenia is defined by bone densitometry as a T score -1 to -2.5.
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility. According to the WHO criteria, osteoporosis is defined as a BMD that lies 2.5 standard deviations or more below the average value for young healthy adults (a T-score below -2.5 SD).
The presence of a fibroma of the ovary.
Abnormal growth of the extremities.
P
An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort and perceived to originate in the abdomen; includes pricking, throbbing, or aching. Synonyms: gastro pain, gastrointestinal pain, abdominal pain, pain in stomach, stomach pain, abdominal discomfort, upset stomach.
An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort localized to the chest; includes pricking, throbbing, or aching sharp, dull, crushing, or burning feeling. Synonyms: chest pain, thoracic pain, chest discomfort.
Persistent pain, usually defined as pain that has lasted longer than 3 to 6 months.
Excessive sweating of hands.
The presence of inflammation in the pancreas. Synonyms: pancreatic inflammation.
An abnormal reduction in numbers of all blood cell types (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets). Synonyms: low blood cell count.
Paralysis of voluntary muscles means loss of contraction due to interruption of one or more motor pathways from the brain to the muscle fibers. Although the word paralysis is often used interchangeably to mean either complete or partial loss of muscle strength, it is preferable to use paralysis or plegia for complete or severe loss of muscle strength, and paresis for partial or slight loss. Motor paralysis results from deficits of the upper motor neurons (corticospinal, corticobulbar, or subcorticospinal). Motor paralysis is often accompanied by an impairment in the facility of movement.
A discontinuity of the skin on the foot exhibiting complete loss of the epidermis and often portions of the dermis and even subcutaneous fat.
Peripheral neuropathy is a general term for any disorder of the peripheral nervous system. The main clinical features used to classify peripheral neuropathy are distribution, type (mainly demyelinating versus mainly axonal), duration, and course. Synonyms: peripheral nerve damage, peripheral neuritis, neuropathy.
Excessive sensitivity to light with the sensation of discomfort or pain in the eyes due to exposure to bright light. Synonyms: extreme sensitivity of the eyes to light, light hypersensitivity, photodysphoria.
An appetite for and the persistent ingestion of non-food substances such as clay. In order to diagnose pica, this behavior must have persisted over a period of at least one month.
A type of immune cell that makes large amounts of a specific antibody
The presence of an excessive amount of fluid in the pleural cavity. Synonyms: fluid around lungs.
Polycythemia is diagnosed if the red blood cell count, the hemoglobin level, and the red blood cell volume all exceed the upper limits of normal. Synonyms: abnormally shaped erythrocytes , erythrocytosis, increased red blood cells, polyglobulia.
A congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of supernumerary fingers or toes. Synonyms: more than five fingers or toes on hands or feet,
Excessive thirst manifested by excessive fluid intake. Synonyms: extreme thirst.
A deficit in coordination of muscle movements. Coordination is defined as the orchestrated movement of multiple body parts as required to accomplish intended actions, like walking. Synonyms: difficulties in coordination, incoordination, incoordination of limb movements, limb incoordination, poor motor coordination.
Difficulty to maintain correct position of the head while standing or sitting. Infant head lag is observed when the head seems to flop around or lags posteriorly behind the trunk. Several articles have maintained that head lag should be absent by age 3 to 4 months. Synonyms: delay in head control, delay in head righting, infant head lag.
A reduced ability to heal cutaneous wounds.
Primary human myocytes that form skeletal muscles
A specialized subset of endothelial cells that comprise lymphatic vessels in the tissue and lymph node
A biomarker that identifies the likelihood of a clinical event, disease recurrence, or disease progression in patients with a disease or medical condition of interest
Prolonged or protracted bleeding following an invasive procedure or intervention, such as after surgery or accidents.
Abnormal loss of protein from the digestive tract related to excessive leakage of plasma proteins into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract.
Increased levels of protein in the urine. Synonyms: high urine protein levels, protein in urine.
Pruritus is an itch or a sensation that makes a person want to scratch. This term refers to an abnormally increased disposition to experience pruritus. Synonyms: itching, itchy skin, skin itching.
An embolus (that is, an abnormal particle circulating in the blood) located in the pulmonary artery and thereby blocking blood circulation to the lung. Usually the embolus is a blood clot that has developed in an extremity (for instance, a deep venous thrombosis), detached, and traveled through the circulation before becoming trapped in the pulmonary artery. Synonyms: blood clot in artery of lung.
Replacement of normal lung tissues by fibroblasts and collagen. Synonyms: pulmonary scarring.
Pulmonary hemorrhage is a bleeding within the lungs. Older children and adults may spit blood or bloody sputum. Neonates, infants and young children usually do not spit up blood. Anemia, pulmonary infiltrates, increasingling bloody return on BAL and the presence of hemosiderin-laden macrophages in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid or lung biopsy can diagnose lung bleeding. Alveolar macrophages contain phagocytosed red blood cells and stain positive for hemosiderin, a product of hemoglobin degradation, after about 48-72 hours following pulmonary hemorraghe. Previous or recurrent bleeding can thus be distinguished from fresh events. A differentiation into local or diffuse is of importance. Also differentiate if pulmonary hemorrhage is due to a primary lung disorder or a manifestation of a systemic disease. Synonyms: intrapulmonary hemorrhage.
Pulmonary hypertension is defined mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25mmHg or more and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 15mmHg or less when measured by right heart catheterization at rest and in a supine position. Synonyms: increased blood pressure in blood vessels of lungs, pulmonary artery hypertension, primary pulmonary hypertension.
R
An insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cell line from rats
Excessively reduced blood flow in response to cold or emotional stress, causing discoloration of the fingers, toes. Synonyms: Raynaud's phenomenon, Raynaud disease.
A type of repetitive behavior in which the affected individual repeatedly waves the hands and/or arms rhythmically.
A repeating behavior that is either immediately unproductive or has negative long-term consequences. This includes harmful coping mechanisms such as addictive behavior and failure to control impulses and compulsions.
Repeated infections of the urinary tract. Synonyms: frequent urinary tract infections, recurrent UTIs, repeated bladder infections, repeated urinary tract infections, urinary tract infections, urinary tract infections, recurrent.
Absence or underdevelopment of the kidney. Synonyms: absent/small kidney, absent/underdeveloped kidney, renal agenesis/hypoplasia.
A severe form of respiratory insufficiency characterized by inadequate gas exchange such that the levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide cannot be maintained within normal limits; includes respiratory failure, respiratory impairment, and respiratory function loss.
An abnormality of skin pigmentation. Also known as: reticular pigmentation pattern, reticulate skin pigmentation.
Retinal dystrophy is an abnormality of the retina associated with a hereditary process. Retinal dystrophies are defined by their predominantly monogenic inheritance and they are frequently associated with loss or dysfunction of photoreceptor cells as a primary or secondary event. Synonyms: breakdown of light-sensitive cells in back of eye.
S
A widely spaced gap between the first toe (the great toe) and the second toe. Synonyms: gap between 1st and 2nd toes, increased space between first and second toes, space between great toe and second toe, wide space between first and second toes, wide-spaced big toe, widely spaced first and second toes, widened gap 1st-2nd toes.
The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Synonyms: Cobb angle greater than ten degrees.
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterised by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain; includes different forms of epilepsy.
Self-aggression. Synonyms: autoagression, self injury, self-harm.
A decreased tolerance to sensory stimuli that triggers emotional and/or physical distress.
Unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment.
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms). Synonyms: decreased body height, height less than 3rd percentile, small stature, stature below 3rd percentile.
The shoulder, or pectoral, girdle is composed of the clavicles and the scapulae. Shoulder-girdle weakness refers to lack of strength of the muscles attaching to these bones, that is, lack of strength of the muscles around the shoulders. Synonyms: muscle weakness, shoulder-girdle, shoulder girdle weakness, shoulder weakness, weak shoulder muscles.
A left-right reversal (or mirror reflection) of the anatomical location of the major thoracic and abdominal organs. Synonyms: all organs on wrong side of body, situs oppositus, situs transversus, situs inversus totalis.
Sjogren's syndrome, also called Sjogren's disease, is a chronic (long-lasting) autoimmune disease. In Sjogren's syndrome, your immune system attacks the glands that make moisture in the eyes, mouth, and other parts of the body. This causes a dry mouth and dry eyes. You may have dryness in other places that need moisture, such as your nose, throat, and skin. Sjogren's can also affect other parts of the body, including your joints, lungs, kidneys, blood vessels, digestive organs, and nerves.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue necrosis (tissue death). Clinically, cutaneous necrosis may present as a painful and extremely tender black eschar (dead tissue found in a full-thickness wound) surrounded by dusky grey-red colored skin; includes damage or death to the skin tissue. Synonyms: cutaneous necrosis, skin necrotic patch.
The presence of inflammation of the skin. That is, an abnormality of the skin resulting from the local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes. Includes bumps, rash, urticaria, eczema. Synonyms: abnormal tendency to infections of the skin, inflammatory abnormality of the skin, skin inflammation, inflammatory skin disease.
An abnormal pattern in the quality, quantity, or characteristics of sleep; includes insomnia, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome (RLS), hypersomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and others. Synonyms: difficulty sleeping, sleep abnormality, sleep disturbances, sleep dysfunction, sleep-wake disturbance, trouble sleeping.
Complete loss of the ability to move the lower limbs accompanied by spasticity of the lower limbs. Synonyms: spastic paraplegia, lower limb.
A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes; includes abnormal muscle tone, stiffness. Synonyms: involuntary muscle stiffness, contraction, or spasm, muscle spasticity, muscular spasticity.
A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age. Synonyms: deficiency of speech development, delayed language development, delayed speech, delayed speech acquisition, delayed speech and language development, delayed speech development, impaired speech and language development, impaired speech development, language delay, language delayed, language development deficit, late-onset speech development, poor language development, speech and language delay, speech and language difficulties, poor speech acquisition, poor speech development, speech difficulties.
A defect in the understanding of complex motor commands and in the execution of certain learned movements, i.e., deficits in the cognitive components of learned movements.
The closed form of spina bifida with incomplete closure of a vertebral body with intact overlying skin. Synonyms: hidden spina bifida.
A heterogeneous group of congenital spinal anomalies that result from defective closure of the neural tube early in fetal life. Synonyms: incomplete closure of the vertebral arch.
Abnormal increased size of the spleen. Synonyms: increased spleen size, large spleen.
Sudden impairment of blood flow to a part of the brain due to occlusion or rupture of an artery to the brain; including ischemic, hemorrhagic stroke, TIA. Synonyms: cerebral vascular events, cerebrovascular accident, cerebrovascular accidents.
Slightly elevated lesions on or in the skin with a diameter of over 5 mm. Synonyms: nodule below the skin, firm lump under the skin, growth of abnormal tissue under the skin.
The heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating resulting in death within a short time period (generally within 1 h of symptom onset). Synonyms: premature sudden cardiac death.
Enlargement (swelling) of a lymph node; including the common areas; groin, armpit, neck, under jaw & chin, behind ears, and back of the head. Synonyms: lymph node hyperplasia, swollen lymph nodes.
Webbing or fusion of the fingers or toes, involving soft parts only or including bone structure. Bony fusions are referred to as "bony" syndactyly if the fusion occurs in a radio-ulnar axis. Fusions of bones of the fingers or toes in a proximo-distal axis are referred to as "symphalangism". Synonyms: webbed fingers or toes.
T
A height above that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Synonyms: accelerated linear growth, increased body height, increased linear growth, tall stature.
A developmental defect of tooth color. Synonyms: abnormality of dental color, abnormality of dental shade, abnormality of tooth color, abnormality of tooth shade.
Telangiectasias refer to small dilated blood vessels located near the surface of the skin or mucous membranes, measuring between 0.5 and 1 millimeter in diameter. Telangiectasia are located especially on the tongue, lips, palate, fingers, face, conjunctiva, trunk, nail beds, and fingertips. Synonyms: spider veins.
Disordered thermoregulation characterized by an impaired ability to maintain a balance between heat production and heat loss, with resulting instability of body temperature. Synonyms: body temperature instability.
Ischemic necrosis of the testis usually caused by torsion of the spermatic cord, trauma, or severe epididymo-orchitis. Synonyms: testicular infarct.
During normal embryological development, the spinal cord first occupies the entire length of the vertebral column but goes on to assume a position at the level of L1 due to differential growth of the conus medullaris and the vertebral column. The filum terminale is a slender, threadlike structure that remains after the normal regression of the distal embryonic spinal cord and attaches the spinal cord to the coccyx. A tethered cord results if there is a thickened rope-like filum terminale which anchors the cord at the level of L2 or below, potentially causing neurologic signs owing to abnormal tension on the spinal cord. Synonyms: occult spinal dysraphism.
Therapeutic or predictive biomarkers discriminate those who will respond or not respond to therapy; the presence or change in a biomarker that predicts an individual or group of individuals more likely to experience a favorable or unfavorable effect from the exposure to a medical product or environmental agent
Disordered thermoregulation characterized by an impaired ability to maintain a balance between heat production and heat loss, with resulting instability of body temperature. Synonyms: temperature instability, body temperature instability.
Laminar thickening of skin. Synonyms: pachydermia, thick skin, diffusely thickened skin. Synonyms: pachydermia, thick skin, diffusely thickened skin.
A reduction in the number of circulating thrombocytes; includes low platelet count.
Inflammation of the thyroid gland.
Tinnitus is an auditory perception that can be described as the experience of sound, in the ear or in the head, in the absence of external acoustic stimulation; includes ringing in the ears.
Elevations of the levels of SGOT and SGPT in the serum. SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) are transaminases primarily found in the liver and heart and are released into the bloodstream as the result of liver or heart damage. SGOT and SGPT are used clinically mainly as markers of liver damage. Synonyms: abnormal liver enzymes, abnormal liver function, abnormal liver function tests, elevated circulating hepatic transaminase activity, elevated liver enzymes, elevated serum transaminases, elevated transaminases, high liver enzymes, increased liver enzymes, increased liver function tests, increased transaminases, raised liver enzymes, subclinical abnormal liver function tests, elevated liver function tests.
Feeding problem necessitating food and nutrient delivery via a tube.
Synthesizing cells of the alveolar surfactant, which has important properties in maintaining alveolar and airway stability
U
A type of infection of the skin that can be regarded as a sign of a pathological susceptibility to infection. Includes molluscum contagiosum.
Weakness of the muscles of the arms. Synonyms: decreased arm strength, weak arm.
Loss of the ability to control the urinary bladder leading to involuntary urination. Synonyms: Bladder incontinence, loss of bladder control.
V
Inflammation of blood vessels; includes cutaneous PAN. Synonyms: angiitis.
A vascular malformation resulting from a developmental error of venous tissue composed of dysmorphic channels lined by flattened endothelium and exhibiting slow turnover. A venous malformation may present as a blue patch on the skin ranging to a soft blue mass. Venous malformations are easily compressible and usually swell when venous pressure increases (e.g., when held in a dependent position or when a child cries). They may be relatively localized or quite extensive within an anatomic region.
An abnormal sensation of spinning while the body is actually stationary. Includes dizzy spell, dizziness.
Includes nearsightedness, blurred vision, double vision (diplopia), optic nerve atrophy, partial or complete loss of vision, cortical visual impairment, retinal artery occlusion, Amaurosis Fugax, scleritis, uveitis, episcleritis, retinitis pigmentosa, blindness, retinal degeneration, light sensitivity, eye pain, burning, itching, or dry eyes, ptosis, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, strabismus.
Not getting enough of certain vitamins.
A disease that causes loss of pigment in skin, hair and eyes; includes blotchy loss of skin color.
Nausea is a commonly encountered symptom that has been defined as an unpleasant painless subjective feeling that one will imminently vomit. Vomiting has been defined as the forceful expulsion of the contents of the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum through the oral cavity. While nausea and vomiting are often thought to exist on a temporal continuum, this is not always the case. There are situations when severe nausea may be present without emesis and less frequently, when emesis may be present without preceding nausea.
W
Abnormally increased body weight. Synonyms: increased body weight.
Reduction of total body weight. Synonyms: weight loss or decrease in body weight.
X
Females are more frequently affected because all daughters and no sons of an affected man will be affected; can have affected males and females in same generation if the mother is affected
Males are more frequently affected; affected males often present in each generation